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In this course the participants were familiarized with the theoretical basics of predicting the structure and properties of natural reservoirs as primary objects to be explored in petroleum geology.

Modern understanding of conditions and mechanisms of aggregation of sedimentary formations and the impact of these conditions on shaping porosity and permeability properties of reservoir rocks and impermeable layers were examined. Applied approaches to creating sedimentary-capacity models of reservoirs were analyzed, primarily those implemented within the techniques of sequence stratigraphy.

The course contains a large number of examples of using results of sedimentological research for developing geological models of reservoirs and substantiation of their capacity features.

The course is targeted at geologists and geophysicists who are engaged in the matters of geological structure of oil and gas deposits, oil calculations, and exploration modeling.

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This one-day 8-hour course covers the basics of the effective-medium theory. It demonstrates how to connect the measured velocities of elastic waves and other physical properties with rock structure, shape, orientation and level of consolidation of cracks and pores filled with various substances.

Generally, rocks can possess anisotropic physical properties. Main approaches to building mathematical models of reservoirs of various types - carbonate, terrigenous, shale – are described. For each reservoir type parameters of the model which impact its physical properties are determined. The course gives examples of solving various problems of exploration geophysics based on the effective-medium theory, namely:

• determining geometry of voids based on measured physical properties (lab and GIS data);
• building anisotropic velocity model of shale rocks based on GIS data and its upscaling for frequencies of cross-borehole tomography, which are used to monitor hydrofracturing;
• determining anisotropic rock physics of clays factoring in the impact of bound water.

Download presentation "The effective-medium theory in exploration geophysics.

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The goal of the course is to give an overview of the basics of up-to-date techniques and devices used for studying rock physics and the necessity of their appliance for processing geological survey data. The course consists of a series of interconnected lectures. Each lecture is built on the easy to complex principle and is well-supplied with visual aid.

• The course is targeted at specialists in geophysics and petrophysics, covering the following issues:
• necessity and feasibility of laboratory investigations, laboratory systems for detecting petrophysical properties and chemical structure of core samples;
• systems for laboratory modeling reservoir pressures and temperatures
• laboratory systems for investigating static and dynamic elasticity moduli;
• laboratory systems for simultaneous investigations of acoustic properties and visualization of fluid distribution at fluid pumping into the sample;
• laboratory systems for anisotropic rock investigations;
• X-ray tomography for studying 3D rock structure;
• occupational safety requirements;
• measurement errors.

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Waveform inversion is an iterative tomographic technique that seeks to find a highly-resolved quantitative model of the sub-surface that is able to explain all aspects of a recorded seismic wavefield – that is, it seeks a match to the raw field data, in detail,“wiggle-for-wiggle”. Each iteration consists of modeling the wave propagation of the actual source in the current medium and modeling the wave propagation of residuals as if they were sources acting backward in time.The method is capable of incorporating the full physics of elastic wave propagation including arbitrarily complicated anisotropy and attenuation. It lends itself readily to joint inversion of different types and scales of data, and to the incorporation of rock-physics and other apriori information.

The lecture review:

• how heterogeneities such as porosity and fracture influence seismic physical properties;
• the different numerical methods for solving the elasto-dynamic wave equations;
• the theoretical framework for the elastic full waveform inversion.

The lecture is illustrated by simple syntheticexamples but also by real case studies.